See hlūdijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hlȳdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hlȳdan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hlȳdan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hlēda"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: hlēda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: hlēda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "liede"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: liede",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: liede"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*hlūdian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *hlūdian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *hlūdian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lūden",
"3": "lǖden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: lūden, lǖden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: lūden, lǖden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "lūden"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: lūden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: lūden"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "luden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: luden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: luden"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "luiden"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: luiden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: luiden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lūten"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: lūten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: lūten"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "liuten",
"3": "lūten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: liuten, lūten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: liuten, lūten"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "lüüte"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: lüüte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: lüüte"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "läuten"
},
"expansion": "German: läuten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: läuten"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "geliute",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle High German: geliute",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle High German: geliute"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "galòit"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: galòit",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: galòit"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Geläut"
},
"expansion": "German: Geläut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Geläut"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hlūd",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "factitive",
"t1": "loud"
},
"expansion": "*hlūd (“loud”) + *-jan",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *hlūd (“loud”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdiju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdiþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*hlūdijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlūdijan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make a loud noise"
],
"id": "en-hlūdijan-gmw-pro-verb-BB995q4q",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"loud",
"loud"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "hlūdēn"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hlūdijan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hlȳdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hlȳdan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hlȳdan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hlēda"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: hlēda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: hlēda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "liede"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: liede",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: liede"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*hlūdian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *hlūdian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *hlūdian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lūden",
"3": "lǖden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: lūden, lǖden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: lūden, lǖden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "lūden"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: lūden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: lūden"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "luden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: luden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: luden"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "luiden"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: luiden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: luiden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lūten"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: lūten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: lūten"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "liuten",
"3": "lūten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: liuten, lūten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: liuten, lūten"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "lüüte"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: lüüte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: lüüte"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "läuten"
},
"expansion": "German: läuten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: läuten"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "geliute",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle High German: geliute",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle High German: geliute"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "galòit"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: galòit",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: galòit"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Geläut"
},
"expansion": "German: Geläut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Geläut"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hlūd",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "factitive",
"t1": "loud"
},
"expansion": "*hlūd (“loud”) + *-jan",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *hlūd (“loud”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdiju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdiþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "hlūdid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*hlūdijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlūdijan",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "hlūdēn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Sound"
],
"glosses": [
"to make a loud noise"
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"loud",
"loud"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hlūdijan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hlūdijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.